ChatASD

MacFanControl (yoki Macs Fan Control deb ham ataladi) Mac fanatlarini nazorat qilish uchun juda mashhur va samarali dastur. Agar siz uning o'rniga boshqa vositalarni qidirayotgan bo'lsangiz, quyida bir nechta ajoyib alternativlar keltirilgan: 1. **TG Pro** * **Ta'rifi:** TG Pro – bu aynan fan nazorati va haroratni boshqarishga qaratilgan juda kuchli va keng qamrovli dastur. U MacFanControl'ga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri raqib hisoblanadi. * **Xususiyatlari:** Ko'p sensorlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, maxsus qoidalar (custom rules) o'rnatish imkoniyatini beradi (masalan, ma'lum bir sensordagi haroratga qarab fan tezligini o'zgartirish), fan tezligini avtomatik va qo'lda boshqarish, diagnostika imkoniyatlari. Fon rejimida ishlaydi va tizim resurslariga kam ta'sir ko'rsatadi. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizga MacFanControl singari, ammo balki ko'proq funksiyalar yoki boshqacha interfeysli, aynan fan nazoratiga ixtisoslashgan vosita kerak bo'lsa. 2. **iStat Menus** * **Ta'rifi:** iStat Menus – bu faqat fan nazorati emas, balki Mac tizimining deyarli barcha jihatlarini kuzatish va boshqarish imkonini beruvchi juda mashhur va keng qamrovli vosita. * **Xususiyatlari:** Fan tezligini nazorat qilishdan tashqari, protsessor, xotira, disk, tarmoq, batareya va boshqa ko'plab ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatadi. Tizim resurslarini kuzatish, sensor haroratlarini ko'rsatish va fan tezligini avtomatik yoki qo'lda boshqarish imkoniyatlari mavjud. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizga nafaqat fan nazorati, balki tizimning umumiy holatini doimiy kuzatib borish va boshqarish imkoniyatini beruvchi "hammasi birda" (all-in-one) yechim kerak bo'lsa. 3. **Sensei** * **Ta'rifi:** Sensei – bu Mac ishlashini yaxshilash, tizim diagnostikasi va optimallashtirish uchun mo'ljallangan dastur bo'lib, u fan nazorati funksiyasini ham o'z ichiga oladi. * **Xususiyatlari:** Disk xotirasini boshqarish, ilovalarni o'chirish, batareya sog'lig'ini kuzatish, apparat diagnostikasi va, albatta, fan tezligini nazorat qilish va haroratni kuzatish kabi keng funksiyalarga ega. * **Kimga mos:** Agar siz Macingizni umumiy optimallashtirish, tozalash va diagnostika qilish uchun ham vosita izlayotgan bo'lsangiz, fan nazoratini esa qo'shimcha funksiya sifatida qabul qilsangiz. 4. **smcFanControl** * **Ta'rifi:** smcFanControl – bu eski va oddiyroq alternativlardan biri. U ancha yillardan beri mavjud va faqat fan tezligini boshqarishga qaratilgan. * **Xususiyatlari:** Minimalistik interfeys, fan tezligini avtomatik va qo'lda boshqarish (profillar yaratish imkoniyati bilan). Haroratni ham ko'rsatadi. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizga juda sodda, yengil va bepul yechim kerak bo'lsa. Biroq, ba'zi Mac modellari va macOS versiyalari bilan muammolar bo'lishi mumkinligi sababli, uning dolzarbligi kamaygan. Yangi Mac'larda to'g'ri ishlamasligi mumkin. **Tanlashda quyidagilarni hisobga oling:** * **Kerakli funksiyalar:** Faqat fan nazorati kerakmi yoki tizimning boshqa jihatlarini ham kuzatish va boshqarish istagi bormi? * **Narxi:** Yuqorida sanab o'tilgan TG Pro, iStat Menus va Sensei pullik dasturlar bo'lib, odatda bir martalik to'lov yoki obuna asosida taklif etiladi. smcFanControl esa bepul. * **Foydalanish qulayligi:** Dasturning interfeysi va sozlamalari siz uchun qanchalik qulay ekanligi. * **Macingiz modeli va macOS versiyasi bilan mosligi:** Har doim dastur ishlab chiqaruvchisining veb-saytida moslik talablarini tekshirib ko'ring. Ko'pchilik pullik dasturlar sinov (trial) versiyalarini taklif qiladi, shuning uchun o'zingizga eng mos keladiganini topish uchun ularni sinab ko'rishingiz mumkin.

Tushunarli, faqat bepul bo'lgan variantlarni qidirayotgan bo'lsangiz, Mac uchun fanatni nazorat qilish yoki haroratni kuzatish bo'yicha imkoniyatlar biroz cheklangan bo'ladi, chunki MacFanControl kabi samaraliroq dasturlar odatda pullik. Shunga qaramay, bir nechta bepul variantlar mavjud: 1. **smcFanControl (Eng to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bepul alternativ)** * **Ta'rifi:** smcFanControl – bu Mac fanatlarini nazorat qilish uchun mo'ljallangan eng eski va mashhur bepul dasturlardan biri. * **Xususiyatlari:** * Fan tezligini qo'lda sozlash imkoniyati (Minimal va Maksimal RPM). * Standart (Default), Yuqori (Higher RPM), va boshqa profillarni yaratish. * Protsessor haroratini menyu panelida ko'rsatish. * **Kamchiliklari:** * So'nggi yillarda unchalik faol yangilanmagan. * Yangi Mac modellari (ayniqsa Apple Silicon M chipli Mac'lar) yoki macOS versiyalari bilan to'g'ri ishlamasligi mumkin. Ba'zi foydalanuvchilar uni ishga tushirishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishadi. * MacFanControl kabi ko'p sensorli ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatmaydi va haroratga asoslangan avtomatik qoidalar (custom rules) o'rnatish imkoniyati yo'q. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizda eskiroq Mac bo'lsa va faqatgina fan tezligini qo'lda o'zgartirish kerak bo'lsa. Bepul va oddiy yechim istaganlar uchun. 2. **Stats (Faqat monitoring, lekin juda foydali)** * **Ta'rifi:** Stats – bu ochiq kodli (open-source) va mutlaqo bepul dastur bo'lib, Mac menyu panelida tizimning turli metrikalarini, jumladan harorat va fan tezligini kuzatish imkonini beradi. U fanatni *nazorat qilmaydi*, lekin sizga muhim ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatadi. * **Xususiyatlari:** * **Sensorlar:** Protsessor, GPU, batareya va boshqa sensorlarning haroratini real vaqtda ko'rsatadi. * **Fanlar:** Fanatlarning joriy aylanish tezligini (RPM) ko'rsatadi. * CPU, GPU, xotira (RAM), disk va tarmoq faoliyatini ham ko'rsatadi. * Juda sozlanishi mumkin bo'lgan menyu paneli elementlari. * **Kamchiliklari:** To'g'ridan-to'g'ri fanatni *nazorat qilmaydi*. Ya'ni, uning tezligini o'zgartira olmaysiz, faqat kuzatasiz. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizga Mac ishlashini va ayniqsa harorat hamda fan tezligini doimiy kuzatib borish kerak bo'lsa. Bu ma'lumotlar bilan qachonki Mac qizib ketganini bilib, tegishli choralar ko'rishingiz mumkin (masalan, og'ir vazifalarni to'xtatish, ilovalarni yopish, Mac'ni biroz sovishiga imkon berish). 3. **Fanny (Faqat fanat tezligini kuzatish)** * **Ta'rifi:** Fanny – bu Stats'ga o'xshash, ammo faqat fanat tezligini menyu panelida ko'rsatishga qaratilgan juda oddiy va yengil bepul dastur. * **Xususiyatlari:** * Mac'ingizdagi har bir fanatning joriy aylanish tezligini (RPM) ko'rsatadi. * Minimalistik interfeys. * **Kamchiliklari:** Haroratni ko'rsatmaydi va fanatni nazorat qilmaydi. * **Kimga mos:** Agar sizga faqat fanatlaringiz qanday tezlikda aylanayotganini bilish qiziq bo'lsa. **Xulosa:** * Agar sizga **faqat fanatni qo'lda nazorat qilish** kerak bo'lsa va Mac'ingiz smcFanControl bilan mos kelsa, u eng yaxshi bepul variant bo'lishi mumkin. Ammo uning mosligini sinab ko'rishingiz shart. * Agar sizga fanatni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri **nazorat qilish emas, balki tizim harorati va fanat tezligini kuzatish** muhim bo'lsa, **Stats** dasturini tavsiya qilaman. U Mac'ingizning qizish holatini tushunishingiz uchun juda ko'p foydali ma'lumot beradi va Mac'ingizni optimallashtirishga yordam beradi. Barcha holatlarda, ushbu bepul dasturlarni yuklab olishdan oldin, ularning rasmiy veb-saytlaridan yoki GitHub sahifalaridan yuklab olishni va ilova xavfsizligiga e'tibor berishni unutmang.

Qanday loyiha qilishni rejalashtirayotganingizga qarab, sizga turli yo'llar bilan yordam bera olaman! Loyihaingizning tabiati, maqsadlari va bosqichlariga qarab, men quyidagilarni taklif qila olaman: **1. Loyiha konsepsiyasini shakllantirishda:** * **G'oyalarni aniqlash:** Agar sizda umumiy g'oya bo'lsa, uni yanada aniqlashtirishga, uning qaysi muammoni hal qilishini yoki qanday qadriyat yaratishini aniqlashga yordam berish. * **Miyya hujumi (Brainstorming):** Yangi g'oyalar yaratish yoki mavjud g'oyalarni kengaytirish bo'yicha sessiyalar o'tkazish. * **Maqsadlarni belgilash:** SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) maqsadlarini shakllantirishda yordam berish. * **Maqsadli auditoriyani aniqlash:** Loyiha kim uchun mo'ljallanganini aniqlashga yordam berish. **2. Rejalashtirish va strategiyada:** * **Loyiha rejasini tuzish:** Vazifalar, muddatlar, resurslar va javobgarliklarni belgilashda ko'maklashish. * **Texnologiya tanlovi:** Agar bu texnologik loyiha bo'lsa, qaysi texnologiyalar, dasturlash tillari, ramkalar yoki vositalar maqsadga muvofiq bo'lishini muhokama qilish. * **Resurslarni aniqlash:** Loyiha uchun kerak bo'ladigan insoniy, moliyaviy yoki moddiy resurslarni aniqlashda yordam berish. * **Xatarlarni baholash:** Loyiha davomida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan potentsial xatarlarni aniqlash va ularni yumshatish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish. **3. Texnik maslahatlar va yordamda (agar bu IT/dasturlash loyihasi bo'lsa):** * **Dasturlash tili bo'yicha:** Python, Java, JavaScript (Node.js, React, Vue), Go, Swift, C# va boshqa tillar bo'yicha maslahatlar, kod namunalari, muammolarni hal qilish. * **Ramkalar va kutubxonalar:** Django, Flask, Spring Boot, .NET, React, Angular, Vue.js kabi ramkalar bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar. * **Ma'lumotlar bazalari:** SQL (PostgreSQL, MySQL), NoSQL (MongoDB, Redis) bo'yicha dizayn, so'rovlar, optimallashtirish. * **Arxitektura:** Loyiha uchun eng yaxshi arxitektura (mikroservislar, monolit, serverless) haqida munozara. * **DevOps va bulut:** Docker, Kubernetes, AWS, Google Cloud, Azure asoslari bo'yicha maslahatlar. * **Algoritmlar va ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari:** Maxsus muammolar uchun yechimlar topishda yordam. **4. Kontent yaratish va hujjatlashtirishda:** * **Hujjatlashtirish:** Texnik spetsifikatsiyalar, foydalanuvchi qo'llanmalari, loyiha hisobotlarini yozishda yordam. * **Taqdimotlar:** Loyiha taqdimotlari uchun materiallar tayyorlashga ko'maklashish. **5. Muammolarni hal qilish va to'siqlarni yengishda:** * **Debugging:** Kodagi xatolarni topish va tuzatishda g'oyalar berish. * **Optimallashtirish:** Loyiha samaradorligini oshirish bo'yicha takliflar. * **Alternativ yechimlar:** Ma'lum bir muammo uchun bir nechta yechimlar taklif qilish. **Qanday yordam bera olishimni bilishim uchun, iltimos, loyihaingiz haqida iloji boricha ko'proq ma'lumot bering:** * **Loyiha nima haqida?** (Masalan, veb-ilova, mobil ilova, ma'lumotlar tahlili, o'yin, tadqiqot, biznes rejasi, shaxsiy g'oya va hokazo) * **Asosiy maqsadi nima?** * **Hozir qaysi bosqichdasiz?** (G'oya, rejalashtirish, amalga oshirish, sinovdan o'tkazish) * **Qaysi sohada yordamga muhtojsiz?** (Masalan, texnik maslahat, rejalashtirish, resurslar, g'oyalar va hokazo) * **Qanday resurslarga egasiz yoki ularga ehtiyojingiz bor?** (Masalan, vaqt, pul, inson resurslari, texnik bilimlar) Qanchalik ko'p ma'lumot bersangiz, shunchalik aniq va samarali yordam bera olaman. Keling, birgalikda bu loyihani muvaffaqiyatli qilaylik!

Ajoyib g'oya! Universitetda talabalar davomati va uy vazifalarini boshqarish tizimini avtomatlashtirish, ayniqsa 1-kurs talabalari uchun, ham dekan, ham o'qituvchilar, ham talabalar uchun katta yengillik va samaradorlik keltirishi mumkin. Keling, bu loyihani "Akademik Monitoring Tizimi" deb nomlaymiz va uni batafsil, har bir kichik detaligacha ko'rib chiqamiz. --- ### **Loyiha nomi:** Akademik Monitoring Tizimi (AMT) ### **Loyiha maqsadi:** Universitetning 1-kurs talabalari uchun davomat, uy vazifasi va xulq-atvor monitoringini avtomatlashtirish orqali dekanat, o'qituvchilar va starostalarning ish yukini kamaytirish, ma'lumotlarning aniqligi va tezkorligini oshirish, o'quv jarayonining samaradorligini ta'minlash. ### **Muammolar va AMT tomonidan beriladigan yechimlar:** 1. **Muammo:** Dekanatga har bir parada kelmagan/kech qolgan talabalar ro'yxatini va tushuntirish xatlarini 80 minut ichida olib chiqish talabi. * **Yechim:** AMT orqali starosta real vaqt rejimida davomatni belgilaydi. Tizim avtomatik ravishda ro'yxatlarni shakllantiradi va dekanga yuboradi. Tushuntirish xatlarini ham elektron tarzda yuborish imkoniyati yaratiladi. 2. **Muammo:** O'qituvchilar darsga davomat olish va uy vazifalarini nazorat qilish uchun vaqt sarflaydi. * **Yechim:** Bu vazifalar starosta zimmasiga o'tkaziladi va tizim orqali avtomatlashtiriladi. O'qituvchilar asosiy e'tiborini ta'lim jarayoniga qaratadi. 3. **Muammo:** Ma'lumotlarning aniqligi va tezkorligi yetishmasligi, qog'ozbozlik. * **Yechim:** Barcha ma'lumotlar raqamlashtiriladi, real vaqtda yangilanadi va tezkorlik bilan tegishli shaxslarga yetkaziladi. --- ### **Tizim foydalanuvchilari va ularning rollari:** 1. **Talaba (Student):** * **Imkoniyatlari:** O'zining davomatini, uy vazifasi holatini, baholarini va umumiy reytingini ko'rish. Dekanatdan kelgan ogohlantirishlarni qabul qilish. Tushuntirish xatlarini elektron tarzda yuborish. * **Ma'lumotlar:** Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar (Ism, Familiya, Guruh, ID raqam), davomat holati, baholar, vazifa holati. 2. **Starosta (Group Leader):** * **Imkoniyatlari:** O'z guruhining davomatini belgilash (darsga keldi, kelmadi, kechikdi). Uy vazifalarining bajarilganlik holatini belgilash. Talabalarning xulq-atvoriga oid izohlar kiritish. Tushuntirish xatlarini qabul qilish va dekanga yuborish. Guruh bo'yicha hisobotlarni ko'rish va yuborish. * **Ma'lumotlar:** Guruhdagi barcha talabalarning ma'lumotlari, ularning davomati, vazifa holati, xulq-atvori. 3. **O'qituvchi (Teacher):** * **Imkoniyatlari:** O'zining o'qitadigan fanlari va guruhlari bo'yicha talabalarning umumiy davomati va uy vazifasi holatini ko'rish. Starostalar tomonidan kiritilgan ma'lumotlarni tekshirish. Dars materiallari yoki e'lonlar joylash. * **Ma'lumotlar:** O'z fanlari va guruhlari bo'yicha talabalar ro'yxati, davomat, vazifa holati. 4. **Dekan / Dekan muovini (Dean / Deputy Dean):** * **Imkoniyatlari:** Barcha 1-kurs guruhlari bo'yicha umumiy va individual davomat, vazifa holati, xulq-atvor hisobotlarini ko'rish. Starostalardan real vaqtda avtomatik keladigan hisobotlarni qabul qilish. Talabalarning tushuntirish xatlarini ko'rib chiqish. Talabalarga ogohlantirishlar yuborish. Starostalarni boshqarish. * **Ma'lumotlar:** Barcha 1-kurs talabalarining to'liq ma'lumotlari, hisobotlar, ogohlantirishlar tarixi. 5. **Administrator (Admin):** * **Imkoniyatlari:** Foydalanuvchi akkauntlarini boshqarish (qo'shish, o'chirish, rollarni belgilash). Guruhlar, fanlar, dars jadvallarini boshqarish. Tizim sozlamalari, ma'lumotlar bazasini boshqarish. * **Ma'lumotlar:** Tizimdagi barcha ma'lumotlarga kirish va ularni boshqarish. --- ### **Tizimning asosiy funksional imkoniyatlari (Modullar):** **1. Foydalanuvchilarni boshqarish (Admin):** * Yangi talaba, starosta, o'qituvchi, dekan akkauntlarini yaratish. * Har bir foydalanuvchiga rol va ruxsatlarni belgilash. * Mavjud foydalanuvchilarni tahrirlash/o'chirish. * Parollarni qayta tiklash. **2. Guruhlar va fanlarni boshqarish (Admin/Dekan):** * Yangi guruhlar (masalan, "KIF-23-01") yaratish. * Guruhlarga talabalarni biriktirish. * Fanlarni yaratish (masalan, "Dasturlash asoslari", "Matematik analiz"). * Fanlarga o'qituvchilarni va guruhlarni biriktirish. **3. Dars jadvalini boshqarish (Admin/Dekan):** * Har bir guruh uchun dars jadvalini kiritish (Fan, Kun, Vaqt oralig'i, Auditoriya). * Darsning boshlanishi va tugash vaqtini aniq belgilash. **4. Davomat moduli (Starosta / Dekan / O'qituvchi / Talaba):** * **Starosta uchun:** * Har bir dars boshlangandan so'ng, tizim unga ushbu darsga mos keladigan guruh ro'yxatini chiqaradi. * Starosta ro'yxatdagi har bir talaba uchun 3 ta variantdan birini belgilaydi: "Keldi", "Kelmadi", "Kechikdi". * Dars yakunlanguniga qadar (80 minut ichida) ma'lumotlarni saqlash va yuborish. * Agar talaba kechikkan bo'lsa, necha daqiqa kechikkanligini kiritish imkoniyati. * Agar talaba kelmagan bo'lsa, uning sababini (kasallik, boshqa sabab) qayd etish. * Tizim avtomatik ravishda belgilangan davomatni dekanatga yuboradi. * **Talaba uchun:** * O'zining davomat tarixini ko'rish. * Kelmaga yoki kechikkan darslari bo'yicha tushuntirish xatini elektron tarzda joylash (matn kiritish yoki rasm/fayl yuklash). Tizim avtomatik ravishda uni dekanga yuboradi va starosta ham ko'ra oladi. * **O'qituvchi uchun:** * O'z fanlari bo'yicha guruhlarning umumiy davomat ko'rsatkichlarini ko'rish. * Har bir talabaning davomatini tekshirish. * **Dekan uchun:** * Real vaqtda har bir guruh va talaba bo'yicha davomat hisobotlarini qabul qilish. * Kelmadi/kechikdi deb belgilangan talabalar ro'yxatini avtomatik shakllantirish va ko'rish. * Talabalar tomonidan yuborilgan tushuntirish xatlarini ko'rib chiqish va tasdiqlash/rad etish. * Davomat bo'yicha umumiy statistikani ko'rish (guruhlar bo'yicha, o'qituvchilar bo'yicha, fanlar bo'yicha). **5. Uy vazifalari moduli (Starosta / O'qituvchi / Talaba / Dekan):** * **O'qituvchi uchun (opsion):** * Har bir fan uchun uy vazifalarini tizimga joylash (matn, fayl). * Vazifaning muddatini belgilash. * **Starosta uchun:** * Har bir dars uchun uy vazifasining bajarilganlik holatini belgilash (Bajarildi, Bajarilmadi, Qisman bajarildi). * Izohlar qo'shish. * Ushbu ma'lumotni dekanga avtomatik yuborish. * **Talaba uchun:** * O'zining vazifa ro'yxatini va holatini ko'rish. * Vazifani yuklash (agar o'qituvchi tomonidan belgilangan bo'lsa). * **Dekan uchun:** * Guruhlar bo'yicha uy vazifalarining bajarilish statistikasini ko'rish. **6. Xulq-atvor moduli (Starosta / Dekan):** * **Starosta uchun:** * Talabaning xulq-atvoriga oid ijobiy yoki salbiy izohlar (masalan, faollik, intizom buzilishi, qo'pollik) kiritish imkoniyati. * Izohlarni dekanga avtomatik yuborish. * **Dekan uchun:** * Talabalarning xulq-atvoriga oid izohlarni ko'rish. * Zarur hollarda choralar ko'rish. **7. Hisobotlar va Statistika moduli (Dekan / O'qituvchi):** * **Davomat hisobotlari:** Kunlik, haftalik, oylik davomat hisobotlari (guruhlar, fanlar, talabalar bo'yicha). * **Vazifa hisobotlari:** Uy vazifalarining bajarilish darajasi bo'yicha hisobotlar. * **Xulq-atvor hisobotlari:** Talabalar xulq-atvoridagi o'zgarishlar va izohlar. * **Diagrammalar va grafiklar:** Ma'lumotlarni vizual tarzda aks ettirish (masalan, qaysi fanda ko'proq yo'qlama bor, qaysi talaba eng ko'p kechikadi). * Hisobotlarni PDF, Excel formatlarida yuklab olish imkoniyati. **8. Xabarnomalar moduli (Barcha foydalanuvchilar):** * **Dekandan talabaga/starostaga:** Ogohlantirishlar, e'lonlar. * **Talabadan dekanga:** Tushuntirish xati yuborilgani haqida xabar. * **Tizimdan starosta/dekanga:** Dars boshlanganligi, davomat yuborish vaqti tugayotganligi haqida eslatmalar. * Push-bildirishnomalar (mobil ilova uchun) yoki elektron pochta/SMS (veb-ilova uchun) orqali xabarnomalar. --- ### **Arxitektura va Texnologiyalar (Takliflar):** * **Front-end (Foydalanuvchi interfeysi):** * **Veb-ilova uchun:** React, Angular, Vue.js kabi JavaScript ramkalari (zamonaviy, interaktiv interfeys uchun). * **Mobil ilova uchun (qo'shimcha):** React Native, Flutter (iOS va Android uchun bitta kod bazasi bilan). Ayniqsa starosta va talabalar uchun mobil ilova juda qulay bo'ladi. * **Back-end (Server tomoni):** * **Dasturlash tili:** Python (Django/Flask), Node.js (Express), Go, Java (Spring Boot) – tanlash loyiha jamoasining tajribasi va talablariga bog'liq. Python (Django) tez rivojlanish va ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash uchun juda qulay. * **API:** RESTful API orqali front-end va back-end aloqasi. * **Ma'lumotlar bazasi:** * **Relatsion DB:** PostgreSQL (kuchli, ishonchli, murakkab so'rovlar uchun ideal), MySQL. * **NoSQL DB (opsion):** Agar tezkor kesh yoki boshqa maxsus ma'lumotlar turlari kerak bo'lsa (masalan, Redis). * **Hosting va infratuzilma:** * Bulut platformalari: AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure. * Virtual Server (VPS): DigitalOcean, Linode. * Docker va Kubernetes: Loyihani konteynerizatsiya qilish va masshtablash uchun. * **Versiyalar nazorati:** Git (GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket). --- ### **Ishga tushirish bosqichlari (Roadmap):** 1. **Talablarni yig'ish va tahlil qilish:** * Dekanat, o'qituvchilar va starostalar bilan chuqur intervyu o'tkazish. * Amaldagi jarayonlarni to'liq tushunish. * Barcha talablarni hujjatlashtirish. 2. **Dizayn:** * **UX/UI dizayn:** Foydalanuvchi interfeysini va tajribasini loyihalash (prototiplar, maketlar yaratish). * **Ma'lumotlar bazasi dizayni:** Entitet-aloqa diagrammalarini yaratish. * **Arxitektura dizayni:** Tizimning umumiy arxitekturasini belgilash. 3. **Rivojlantirish:** * **Asosiy modullarni birin-ketin yaratish:** * Foydalanuvchilarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish va avtorizatsiya. * Guruhlar, fanlar, dars jadvallari. * Davomat moduli (eng muhimi). * Uy vazifalari moduli. * Xulq-atvor moduli. * Hisobotlar va xabarnomalar. * **Testlash:** Modullarni individual va birgalikda sinovdan o'tkazish. 4. **Sinov va fikr-mulohaza (Beta Test):** * Bir nechta starosta, o'qituvchi va dekan xodimi ishtirokida tizimni sinovdan o'tkazish. * Fikr-mulohazalarni yig'ish va kamchiliklarni tuzatish. 5. **Tarqatish (Deployment):** * Tizimni serverlarga joylashtirish. * Rasmiy ishga tushirish. 6. **Qo'llab-quvvatlash va takomillashtirish:** * Dastlabki foydalanuvchilarga yordam berish. * Yangi funksiyalarni qo'shish, mavjudlarini optimallashtirish. --- ### **Eng kichik detallar bo'yicha qo'shimcha mulohazalar:** * **Vaqt tamg'alari (Timestamps):** Har bir davomat belgisi, vazifa holati, xulq-atvor izohi qachon kiritilganini aniq ko'rsatuvchi vaqt tamg'asi bilan saqlansin. Bu nizo paydo bo'lganda tekshirish uchun muhim. * **"Kechikdi" uchun avtomatik ogohlantirish:** Agar talaba ma'lum bir darsga ketma-ket bir necha marta kechiksa yoki umumiy kech qolish chegarasidan oshib ketsa, tizim avtomatik ogohlantirishni dekanga va/yoki talabaning o'ziga yuborsin. * **Tushuntirish xatlarining statusi:** Har bir tushuntirish xati "Yuborilgan", "Ko'rib chiqilmoqda", "Tasdiqlandi", "Rad etildi" kabi statuslarga ega bo'lsin. Rad etilgan holda, dekan izoh qoldirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lsin. * **Starosta vazifasi: Vaqt cheklovi:** Dars boshlangandan 5-10 daqiqa o'tgach, starosta davomatni belgilash imkoniyatiga ega bo'ladi va dars tugaguniga qadar (masalan, 70-75 daqiqa) uni yuborishi kerak. Bu joriy 80 minutlik talabni qondiradi va starosta uchun yetarli vaqt beradi. Kech qolgan holatlarda esa belgilash muddati yanada uzaytirilishi mumkin, lekin tizim bu haqda dekanga xabar beradi. * **Ma'lumotlar maxfiyligi va xavfsizligi:** Talabalar shaxsiy ma'lumotlari himoyalangan bo'lishi kerak. SSL/TLS shifrlash, kuchli parollar, ruxsatlar nazorati majburiy. * **Ma'lumotlarni eksport qilish:** Dekanat talabalarning davomat, vazifa va xulq-atvor ma'lumotlarini rasmiy hisobotlar uchun Excel yoki PDF formatida osongina eksport qila olishi kerak. * **Mobile-first yondashuv:** Starostalar uchun mobil ilova ustuvor bo'lishi kerak, chunki ular darsda turib ma'lumot kiritishadi. Dizaynni mobil qurilmalar uchun optimallashtirish zarur. * **Audit loglari:** Kim, qachon, qanday o'zgarish kiritganini kuzatib borish uchun audit loglari yuritish. Bu tizimda shaffoflikni oshiradi. * **Ofline rejim (qo'shimcha):** Agar universitetda internet bilan muammo bo'lsa, mobil ilova oflayn rejimda davomatni saqlab, internet paydo bo'lganda sinxronizatsiya qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishi yaxshi bo'lar edi. --- Bu loyiha haqiqatan ham universitetning samaradorligini oshirishi va ko'plab insoniy xatolarni kamaytirishi mumkin. Yuqoridagi detallar sizga loyiha uchun mustahkam poydevor bo'ladi degan umiddaman. Keyingi qadamda qaysi bir jihatni chuqurroq muhokama qilishni xohlaysiz?

Foydalanuvchi interfeysi (UI) uchun EJS, server qismi uchun Node.js va Express.js, ma'lumotlar bazasi sifatida MongoDB-dan foydalangan holda "Akademik Monitoring Tizimi" (AMT) loyihasi uchun sodda va toza kod yozishga harakat qilaman. **Muhim eslatmalar:** 1. **To'liq loyiha emas:** Bu juda murakkab loyiha bo'lgani uchun, men sizga *minimal ishchi prototip* uchun kodni taqdim etaman. Barcha funksiyalar va xavfsizlik choralarini to'liq qamrab olish juda ko'p kod talab qiladi. 2. **Xavfsizlik:** Production muhit uchun foydalanuvchi autentifikatsiyasi (JWT tokens), parollarni hash-lash (bcrypt), input validatsiyasi, CSRF himoyasi kabi qo'shimcha xavfsizlik choralarini qo'shish kerak. Men bu yerda faqat asosiy loginni ko'rsataman. 3. **Hato qayta ishlash:** Ishonchli error handling mexanizmlari qo'shish kerak. 4. **Ma'lumotlar bazasi sxemasi:** Ma'lumotlar bazasi modellari soddalashtirilgan. Haqiqiy loyihada yana ko'p maydonlar bo'ladi. 5. **Front-end (EJS):** EJS juda sodda template engine, shuning uchun juda interaktiv UI uchun jQuery yoki React/Vue/Angular kabi JS kutubxonalarini ishlatish tavsiya etiladi. Men bu yerda EJS bilan formalar va oddiy jadvallarni ko'rsataman. --- ### **Loyiha strukturasini o'rnatish:** Loyihangiz uchun quyidagi fayl va papka tuzilishini yarating: ``` academic-monitoring-system/ ├── public/ │ ├── css/ │ │ └── style.css │ └── js/ │ └── main.js ├── views/ │ ├── partials/ │ │ ├── header.ejs │ │ └── footer.ejs │ ├── layouts/ │ │ └── main.ejs │ ├── index.ejs │ ├── login.ejs │ ├── dashboard.ejs │ ├── students.ejs │ ├── attendance.ejs │ └── explanation_letter.ejs ├── models/ │ ├── User.js │ ├── Student.js │ ├── Group.js │ ├── Course.js │ ├── Attendance.js │ └── ExplanationLetter.js ├── routes/ │ ├── auth.js │ ├── student.js │ ├── starosta.js │ └── dean.js ├── app.js ├── package.json └── .env ``` ### **1. Loyihani sozlash va bog'liqliklar:** `academic-monitoring-system` papkasiga o'ting va quyidagi buyruqni ishga tushiring: ```bash npm init -y ``` Keyin kerakli kutubxonalarni o'rnating: ```bash npm install express mongoose ejs dotenv express-session ``` * `express`: Veb-server yaratish uchun ramka. * `mongoose`: MongoDB bilan ishlash uchun ORM. * `ejs`: Server-side template engine. * `dotenv`: `.env` faylidan muhit o'zgaruvchilarini yuklash uchun. * `express-session`: Foydalanuvchi sessiyalarini boshqarish uchun. `.env` faylini yarating va quyidagilarni qo'shing: ``` PORT=3000 MONGODB_URI=mongodb://localhost:27017/amt_db SESSION_SECRET=your_super_secret_key_here ``` `SESSION_SECRET` uchun kuchliroq, tasodifiy kalit yarating. --- ### **2. `app.js` (Asosiy server fayli):** ```javascript // app.js require('dotenv').config(); // .env faylini yuklash const express = require('express'); const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const path = require('path'); const session = require('express-session'); const app = express(); const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; const MONGODB_URI = process.env.MONGODB_URI; const SESSION_SECRET = process.env.SESSION_SECRET; // MongoDB ga ulanish mongoose.connect(MONGODB_URI, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }) .then(() => console.log('MongoDB ga muvaffaqiyatli ulanildi!')) .catch(err => console.error('MongoDB ga ulanishda xato:', err)); // EJS ni sozlash app.set('view engine', 'ejs'); app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views')); // Static fayllar (CSS, JS) uchun yo'l app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public'))); // Ma'lumotlarni qabul qilish uchun middleware app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(express.json()); // Session middleware app.use(session({ secret: SESSION_SECRET, resave: false, saveUninitialized: false, cookie: { maxAge: 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 } // 24 soat })); // Global o'zgaruvchilarni EJS ga o'tkazish app.use((req, res, next) => { res.locals.user = req.session.user; // EJS da req.session.user ga murojaat qilish uchun next(); }); // Route-larni import qilish const authRoutes = require('./routes/auth'); const studentRoutes = require('./routes/student'); const starostaRoutes = require('./routes/starosta'); const deanRoutes = require('./routes/dean'); // Route-larni ishlatish app.use('/', authRoutes); // Login/Logout app.use('/student', studentRoutes); app.use('/starosta', starostaRoutes); app.use('/dean', deanRoutes); // Bosh sahifa app.get('/', (req, res) => { res.render('index'); }); // Serverni ishga tushirish app.listen(PORT, () => { console.log(`Server http://localhost:${PORT} da ishga tushdi`); }); ``` --- ### **3. `models/` papkasidagi fayllar (Mongoose sxemalari):** #### `models/User.js` ```javascript // models/User.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ username: { type: String, required: true, unique: true }, password: { type: String, required: true }, role: { type: String, enum: ['student', 'starosta', 'teacher', 'dean', 'admin'], default: 'student' }, // student, starosta, teacher, dean, admin rollari studentId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Student', unique: true, sparse: true }, // Student uchun groupId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Group', sparse: true }, // Starosta uchun }); module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema); ``` #### `models/Student.js` ```javascript // models/Student.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const StudentSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ fullName: { type: String, required: true }, studentIdNum: { type: String, required: true, unique: true }, // Talaba ID raqami groupId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Group', required: true }, birthDate: { type: Date }, contactInfo: { type: String } }); module.exports = mongoose.model('Student', StudentSchema); ``` #### `models/Group.js` ```javascript // models/Group.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const GroupSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true, unique: true }, // Guruh nomi, masalan "KIF-23-01" starostaId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User', unique: true, sparse: true } // Starosta userining IDsi }); module.exports = mongoose.model('Group', GroupSchema); ``` #### `models/Course.js` ```javascript // models/Course.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const CourseSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true }, teacherId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User', required: true }, // O'qituvchi userining IDsi groupId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Group', required: true }, startTime: { type: String, required: true }, // "09:00" endTime: { type: String, required: true }, // "10:20" dayOfWeek: { type: Number, required: true, min: 1, max: 7 } // 1=Dushanba, 7=Yakshanba }); module.exports = mongoose.model('Course', CourseSchema); ``` #### `models/Attendance.js` ```javascript // models/Attendance.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const AttendanceSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ studentId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Student', required: true }, courseId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Course', required: true }, date: { type: Date, required: true, default: Date.now }, status: { type: String, enum: ['present', 'absent', 'late'], required: true }, // Keldi, Kelmadi, Kechikdi lateMinutes: { type: Number, default: 0 }, // Kechikgan bo'lsa daqiqalar starostaId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User', required: true }, // Kim belgilagan comment: { type: String }, // Izoh createdAt: { type: Date, default: Date.now } }); // Har bir talaba uchun bir kunda bir kursga bitta davomat bo'lishi kerak AttendanceSchema.index({ studentId: 1, courseId: 1, date: 1 }, { unique: true }); module.exports = mongoose.model('Attendance', AttendanceSchema); ``` #### `models/ExplanationLetter.js` ```javascript // models/ExplanationLetter.js const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const ExplanationLetterSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ studentId: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Student', required: true }, absenceDate: { type: Date, required: true }, // Qaysi kun uchun reason: { type: String, required: true }, // Tushuntirish matni status: { type: String, enum: ['pending', 'approved', 'rejected'], default: 'pending' }, deanComment: { type: String }, submittedAt: { type: Date, default: Date.now } }); module.exports = mongoose.model('ExplanationLetter', ExplanationLetterSchema); ``` --- ### **4. `routes/` papkasidagi fayllar:** #### `routes/auth.js` (Login/Logout) ```javascript // routes/auth.js const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const User = require('../models/User'); // User modelini chaqirib olamiz // Login sahifasini ko'rsatish router.get('/login', (req, res) => { res.render('login', { error: req.session.error }); req.session.error = null; // Xatoni ko'rsatgandan keyin o'chirish }); // Login POST so'rovi router.post('/login', async (req, res) => { const { username, password } = req.body; try { // Haqiqiy loyihada parolni hash-lash va solishtirish kerak (bcrypt) const user = await User.findOne({ username, password }); if (user) { req.session.user = { id: user._id, username: user.username, role: user.role, groupId: user.groupId, // Starosta uchun studentId: user.studentId // Student uchun }; // Rolga qarab dashboardga yo'naltirish switch (user.role) { case 'student': return res.redirect('/student/dashboard'); case 'starosta': return res.redirect('/starosta/dashboard'); case 'dean': return res.redirect('/dean/dashboard'); case 'teacher': return res.redirect('/teacher/dashboard'); // Agar teacher dashboard bo'lsa default: return res.redirect('/dashboard'); // Umumiy dashboard } } else { req.session.error = 'Noto\'g\'ri foydalanuvchi nomi yoki parol'; res.redirect('/login'); } } catch (err) { console.error(err); req.session.error = 'Serverda xatolik yuz berdi.'; res.redirect('/login'); } }); // Logout router.get('/logout', (req, res) => { req.session.destroy(err => { if (err) { console.error(err); } res.redirect('/login'); }); }); module.exports = router; ``` #### `middlewares/authMiddleware.js` (Rollar bo'yicha kirishni cheklash) Bu faylni `academic-monitoring-system/middlewares/` papkasida yarating. ```javascript // middlewares/authMiddleware.js const ensureAuthenticated = (req, res, next) => { if (req.session.user) { return next(); } req.session.error = 'Tizimga kirmaganmiz, iltimos kiring.'; res.redirect('/login'); }; const ensureRole = (role) => (req, res, next) => { if (req.session.user && req.session.user.role === role) { return next(); } res.status(403).render('error', { message: 'Sizda ushbu sahifaga kirish huquqi yo\'q.' }); }; module.exports = { ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole }; ``` #### `routes/student.js` ```javascript // routes/student.js const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const { ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole } = require('../middlewares/authMiddleware'); const Attendance = require('../models/Attendance'); const ExplanationLetter = require('../models/ExplanationLetter'); const Course = require('../models/Course'); const Group = require('../models/Group'); // Student dashboard router.get('/dashboard', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('student'), async (req, res) => { try { const studentId = req.session.user.studentId; // Talabaning davomatini olish const attendances = await Attendance.find({ studentId }) .populate('courseId', 'name') .sort({ date: -1 }) .limit(10); // Oxirgi 10 ta davomat // Talabaning tushuntirish xatlarini olish const letters = await ExplanationLetter.find({ studentId }) .sort({ submittedAt: -1 }) .limit(5); // Oxirgi 5 ta xat res.render('dashboard', { title: 'Talaba Dashbordi', user: req.session.user, attendances: attendances, letters: letters, isStudent: true // EJS da rolga qarab kontent ko'rsatish uchun }); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Server xatosi'); } }); // Tushuntirish xatini yuborish formasi router.get('/submit-letter', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('student'), async (req, res) => { // Talabaning yo'qlama olgan kunlarini topish mumkin // Hozircha oddiy forma ko'rsatamiz res.render('explanation_letter', { title: 'Tushuntirish xati yuborish', user: req.session.user, studentId: req.session.user.studentId }); }); // Tushuntirish xatini yuborish POST router.post('/submit-letter', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('student'), async (req, res) => { const { absenceDate, reason } = req.body; try { const newLetter = new ExplanationLetter({ studentId: req.session.user.studentId, absenceDate: new Date(absenceDate), reason: reason, status: 'pending' }); await newLetter.save(); res.redirect('/student/dashboard'); // Yuborgandan keyin dashboardga qaytish } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Xat yuborishda xato yuz berdi.'); } }); module.exports = router; ``` #### `routes/starosta.js` ```javascript // routes/starosta.js const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const { ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole } = require('../middlewares/authMiddleware'); const Group = require('../models/Group'); const Student = require('../models/Student'); const Course = require('../models/Course'); const Attendance = require('../models/Attendance'); // Starosta dashboard router.get('/dashboard', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('starosta'), async (req, res) => { try { const groupId = req.session.user.groupId; const group = await Group.findById(groupId); const students = await Student.find({ groupId: groupId }); // Bugungi darslarni olish (hozircha sodda ko'rinishda) const today = new Date(); const currentDayOfWeek = today.getDay(); // 0-yakshanba, 1-dushanba const coursesToday = await Course.find({ groupId: groupId, dayOfWeek: currentDayOfWeek === 0 ? 7 : currentDayOfWeek }); res.render('dashboard', { title: 'Starosta Dashbordi', user: req.session.user, group: group, students: students, coursesToday: coursesToday, isStarosta: true }); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Server xatosi'); } }); // Davomat belgilash sahifasi router.get('/attendance/:courseId', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('starosta'), async (req, res) => { try { const courseId = req.params.courseId; const groupId = req.session.user.groupId; const course = await Course.findById(courseId).populate('teacherId', 'username'); const students = await Student.find({ groupId: groupId }).sort({ fullName: 1 }); // Bugungi davomatni tekshirish (agar avval kiritilgan bo'lsa) const today = new Date(); today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); // Vaqtni 0 ga o'rnatamiz const existingAttendances = await Attendance.find({ courseId: courseId, date: { $gte: today, // Bugungi kun boshidan $lt: new Date(today.getTime() + 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000) // Ertangi kun boshigacha } }); const attendanceMap = {}; existingAttendances.forEach(att => { attendanceMap[att.studentId.toString()] = { status: att.status, lateMinutes: att.lateMinutes, comment: att.comment }; }); res.render('attendance', { title: 'Davomat belgilash', user: req.session.user, course: course, students: students, attendanceMap: attendanceMap }); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Davomat sahifasini yuklashda xato.'); } }); // Davomatni saqlash POST router.post('/attendance/:courseId', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('starosta'), async (req, res) => { try { const courseId = req.params.courseId; const starostaId = req.session.user.id; const attendanceData = req.body; // { studentId_1: 'present', studentId_2: 'absent', ... } const today = new Date(); today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); for (const studentId in attendanceData) { if (studentId.startsWith('student_')) { const actualStudentId = studentId.split('_')[1]; const status = attendanceData[studentId]; const lateMinutes = attendanceData[`late_${actualStudentId}`] || 0; const comment = attendanceData[`comment_${actualStudentId}`] || ''; // Davomatni yaratish yoki yangilash await Attendance.findOneAndUpdate( { studentId: actualStudentId, courseId: courseId, date: today }, { status: status, lateMinutes: status === 'late' ? lateMinutes : 0, comment: comment, starostaId: starostaId }, { upsert: true, new: true, setDefaultsOnInsert: true } // Agar mavjud bo'lmasa yaratadi, mavjud bo'lsa yangilaydi ); } } res.redirect('/starosta/dashboard'); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Davomatni saqlashda xato.'); } }); module.exports = router; ``` #### `routes/dean.js` ```javascript // routes/dean.js const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const { ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole } = require('../middlewares/authMiddleware'); const Group = require('../models/Group'); const Student = require('../models/Student'); const Attendance = require('../models/Attendance'); const ExplanationLetter = require('../models/ExplanationLetter'); // Dekan dashboard router.get('/dashboard', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('dean'), async (req, res) => { try { // Guruhlar ro'yxatini olish const groups = await Group.find().sort({ name: 1 }); // Oxirgi davomat hisobotlarini olish (eng so'nggi 50 ta) const recentAttendances = await Attendance.find() .sort({ createdAt: -1 }) .limit(50) .populate('studentId', 'fullName studentIdNum') .populate('courseId', 'name'); // Kutuvdagi tushuntirish xatlarini olish const pendingLetters = await ExplanationLetter.find({ status: 'pending' }) .populate('studentId', 'fullName studentIdNum') .sort({ submittedAt: 1 }); res.render('dashboard', { title: 'Dekan Dashbordi', user: req.session.user, groups: groups, recentAttendances: recentAttendances, pendingLetters: pendingLetters, isDean: true }); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Server xatosi'); } }); // Guruh bo'yicha davomat hisobotlari router.get('/group-attendance/:groupId', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('dean'), async (req, res) => { try { const groupId = req.params.groupId; const group = await Group.findById(groupId); const students = await Student.find({ groupId: groupId }); const courses = await Course.find({ groupId: groupId }); // Har bir talabaning umumiy davomatini hisoblash const studentAttendanceSummary = await Promise.all( students.map(async student => { const totalPresent = await Attendance.countDocuments({ studentId: student._id, status: 'present' }); const totalAbsent = await Attendance.countDocuments({ studentId: student._id, status: 'absent' }); const totalLate = await Attendance.countDocuments({ studentId: student._id, status: 'late' }); return { student: student, totalPresent, totalAbsent, totalLate }; }) ); res.render('dean_group_attendance', { title: `${group.name} Guruhining davomati`, user: req.session.user, group: group, studentAttendanceSummary: studentAttendanceSummary, courses: courses // Kurslar ro'yxati ham kerak bo'lishi mumkin }); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Guruh davomatini yuklashda xato.'); } }); // Tushuntirish xatini ko'rib chiqish va yangilash router.post('/process-letter/:letterId', ensureAuthenticated, ensureRole('dean'), async (req, res) => { try { const letterId = req.params.letterId; const { status, deanComment } = req.body; // 'approved' yoki 'rejected' await ExplanationLetter.findByIdAndUpdate(letterId, { status, deanComment }); res.redirect('/dean/dashboard'); } catch (err) { console.error(err); res.status(500).send('Xatni qayta ishlashda xato.'); } }); module.exports = router; ``` --- ### **5. `views/` papkasidagi EJS fayllar:** #### `views/partials/header.ejs` ```ejs <!-- views/partials/header.ejs --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="uz"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title><%= title || 'Akademik Monitoring Tizimi' %></title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css"> </head> <body> <header> <nav> <div class="logo"> <a href="/">AMT</a> </div> <ul class="nav-links"> <% if (user) { %> <li><a href="/<%= user.role %>/dashboard"><%= user.role.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + user.role.slice(1) %> Dashboard</a></li> <% if (user.role === 'student') { %> <li><a href="/student/submit-letter">Xat yuborish</a></li> <% } %> <% if (user.role === 'starosta') { %> <li><a href="/starosta/dashboard">Davomat</a></li> <% } %> <% if (user.role === 'dean') { %> <li><a href="/dean/dashboard">Hisobotlar</a></li> <% } %> <li><span>Xush kelibsiz, <%= user.username %>!</span></li> <li><a href="/logout" class="logout-btn">Chiqish</a></li> <% } else { %> <li><a href="/login">Kirish</a></li> <% } %> </ul> </nav> </header> <main> ``` #### `views/partials/footer.ejs` ```ejs <!-- views/partials/footer.ejs --> </main> <footer> <p>&copy; <%= new Date().getFullYear() %> Akademik Monitoring Tizimi. Barcha huquqlar himoyalangan.</p> </footer> <script src="/js/main.js"></script> </body> </html> ``` #### `views/layouts/main.ejs` ```ejs <!-- views/layouts/main.ejs --> <%- include('../partials/header') %> <div class="container"> <%- body %> <!-- Bu yerga boshqa EJS fayllar yuklanadi --> </div> <%- include('../partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/index.ejs` ```ejs <!-- views/index.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: 'Bosh sahifa' }) %> <div class="hero"> <h1>Akademik Monitoring Tizimiga Xush Kelibsiz!</h1> <p>Talabalar davomati, uy vazifasi va xulq-atvorini samarali boshqarish tizimi.</p> <% if (!user) { %> <a href="/login" class="btn">Tizimga kirish</a> <% } else { %> <p>Siz tizimga kirdingiz. O'z dashboardingizga o'ting!</p> <a href="/<%= user.role %>/dashboard" class="btn">Dashboardga o'tish</a> <% } %> </div> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/login.ejs` ```ejs <!-- views/login.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: 'Kirish' }) %> <div class="auth-container"> <h2>Tizimga kirish</h2> <% if (error) { %> <p class="error-message"><%= error %></p> <% } %> <form action="/login" method="POST" class="auth-form"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="username">Foydalanuvchi nomi:</label> <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="password">Parol:</label> <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn">Kirish</button> </form> </div> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/dashboard.ejs` (Universal dashboard, rolga qarab kontent ko'rsatiladi) ```ejs <!-- views/dashboard.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: title }) %> <div class="dashboard-container"> <h1><%= title %></h1> <% if (isStudent) { %> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Oxirgi davomatlarim</h2> <% if (attendances && attendances.length > 0) { %> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Fan</th> <th>Sana</th> <th>Holat</th> <th>Kechikkan daq.</th> <th>Izoh</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% attendances.forEach(att => { %> <tr> <td><%= att.courseId.name %></td> <td><%= att.date.toLocaleDateString('uz-UZ') %></td> <td> <% if (att.status === 'present') { %><span class="status-present">Keldi</span><% } %> <% if (att.status === 'absent') { %><span class="status-absent">Kelmadi</span><% } %> <% if (att.status === 'late') { %><span class="status-late">Kechikdi</span><% } %> </td> <td><%= att.lateMinutes %></td> <td><%= att.comment || '-' %></td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Hozircha davomat yozilmagan.</p> <% } %> </section> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Mening tushuntirish xatlarim</h2> <% if (letters && letters.length > 0) { %> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Sana</th> <th>Sabab</th> <th>Holat</th> <th>Dekan izohi</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% letters.forEach(letter => { %> <tr> <td><%= letter.absenceDate.toLocaleDateString('uz-UZ') %></td> <td><%= letter.reason.substring(0, 50) %>...</td> <td> <% if (letter.status === 'pending') { %><span class="status-pending">Kutuvda</span><% } %> <% if (letter.status === 'approved') { %><span class="status-approved">Tasdiqlangan</span><% } %> <% if (letter.status === 'rejected') { %><span class="status-rejected">Rad etilgan</span><% } %> </td> <td><%= letter.deanComment || '-' %></td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Hozircha tushuntirish xati yuborilmagan.</p> <% } %> </section> <% } %> <% if (isStarosta) { %> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Bugungi darslar va davomat</h2> <% if (coursesToday && coursesToday.length > 0) { %> <ul class="course-list"> <% coursesToday.forEach(course => { %> <li> <span><%= course.name %> (<%= course.startTime %> - <%= course.endTime %>)</span> <a href="/starosta/attendance/<%= course._id %>" class="btn btn-small">Davomatni belgilash</a> </li> <% }) %> </ul> <% } else { %> <p>Bugun darslar yo'q yoki dars jadvali kiritilmagan.</p> <% } %> </section> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Guruh talabalari</h2> <% if (students && students.length > 0) { %> <table class="students-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>F.I.SH</th> <th>Talaba IDsi</th> <th>Guruh</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% students.forEach((student, index) => { %> <tr> <td><%= index + 1 %></td> <td><%= student.fullName %></td> <td><%= student.studentIdNum %></td> <td><%= group.name %></td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Guruhda talabalar topilmadi.</p> <% } %> </section> <% } %> <% if (isDean) { %> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Guruhlar ro'yxati</h2> <ul class="group-list"> <% groups.forEach(group => { %> <li> <a href="/dean/group-attendance/<%= group._id %>"><%= group.name %></a> </li> <% }) %> </ul> </section> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Kutuvdagi tushuntirish xatlari</h2> <% if (pendingLetters && pendingLetters.length > 0) { %> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Talaba</th> <th>ID</th> <th>Sabab</th> <th>Sana</th> <th>Harakat</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% pendingLetters.forEach(letter => { %> <tr> <td><%= letter.studentId.fullName %></td> <td><%= letter.studentId.studentIdNum %></td> <td><%= letter.reason.substring(0, 70) %>...</td> <td><%= letter.absenceDate.toLocaleDateString('uz-UZ') %></td> <td> <form action="/dean/process-letter/<%= letter._id %>" method="POST" class="inline-form"> <input type="hidden" name="status" value="approved"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-approve">Tasdiqlash</button> </form> <form action="/dean/process-letter/<%= letter._id %>" method="POST" class="inline-form"> <input type="hidden" name="status" value="rejected"> <input type="text" name="deanComment" placeholder="Izoh (rad etish uchun)"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-reject">Rad etish</button> </form> </td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Kutuvdagi tushuntirish xatlari yo'q.</p> <% } %> </section> <section class="dashboard-section"> <h2>Oxirgi davomat hisobotlari</h2> <% if (recentAttendances && recentAttendances.length > 0) { %> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Talaba</th> <th>Fan</th> <th>Sana</th> <th>Holat</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% recentAttendances.forEach(att => { %> <tr> <td><%= att.studentId.fullName %> (<%= att.studentId.studentIdNum %>)</td> <td><%= att.courseId.name %></td> <td><%= att.date.toLocaleDateString('uz-UZ') %></td> <td> <% if (att.status === 'present') { %><span class="status-present">Keldi</span><% } %> <% if (att.status === 'absent') { %><span class="status-absent">Kelmadi</span><% } %> <% if (att.status === 'late') { %><span class="status-late">Kechikdi (<%= att.lateMinutes %>min)</span><% } %> </td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Oxirgi davomat hisobotlari yo'q.</p> <% } %> </section> <% } %> </div> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/attendance.ejs` (Starosta uchun davomat formasi) ```ejs <!-- views/attendance.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: 'Davomat belgilash' }) %> <div class="attendance-container"> <h1>Davomat belgilash - <%= course.name %></h1> <p>O'qituvchi: <%= course.teacherId.username %></p> <p>Dars vaqti: <%= course.startTime %> - <%= course.endTime %></p> <p>Sana: <%= new Date().toLocaleDateString('uz-UZ') %></p> <form action="/starosta/attendance/<%= course._id %>" method="POST"> <table class="attendance-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>F.I.SH</th> <th>Status</th> <th>Kechikkan daq.</th> <th>Izoh</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% students.forEach((student, index) => { %> <tr> <td><%= index + 1 %></td> <td><%= student.fullName %></td> <td> <select name="student_<%= student._id %>" required> <option value="present" <%= attendanceMap[student._id] && attendanceMap[student._id].status === 'present' ? 'selected' : '' %>>Keldi</option> <option value="absent" <%= attendanceMap[student._id] && attendanceMap[student._id].status === 'absent' ? 'selected' : '' %>>Kelmadi</option> <option value="late" <%= attendanceMap[student._id] && attendanceMap[student._id].status === 'late' ? 'selected' : '' %>>Kechikdi</option> </select> </td> <td> <input type="number" name="late_<%= student._id %>" min="0" max="80" value="<%= attendanceMap[student._id] ? attendanceMap[student._id].lateMinutes : 0 %>" <% if (!attendanceMap[student._id] || attendanceMap[student._id].status !== 'late') { %>disabled<% } %> > </td> <td> <input type="text" name="comment_<%= student._id %>" value="<%= attendanceMap[student._id] ? attendanceMap[student._id].comment : '' %>" placeholder="Izoh"> </td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <button type="submit" class="btn submit-btn">Davomatni saqlash</button> </form> </div> <script> // Kechikkan daqiqalar inputini faollashtirish/o'chirish document.querySelectorAll('select[name^="student_"]').forEach(select => { select.addEventListener('change', function() { const studentId = this.name.split('_')[1]; const lateInput = document.querySelector(`input[name="late_${studentId}"]`); if (this.value === 'late') { lateInput.removeAttribute('disabled'); } else { lateInput.setAttribute('disabled', 'disabled'); lateInput.value = 0; // Kechikmagan bo'lsa 0 ga o'rnatish } }); }); </script> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/explanation_letter.ejs` (Talaba uchun tushuntirish xati formasi) ```ejs <!-- views/explanation_letter.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: 'Tushuntirish xati yuborish' }) %> <div class="form-container"> <h1>Tushuntirish xati yuborish</h1> <form action="/student/submit-letter" method="POST"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="absenceDate">Qoldirilgan sana:</label> <input type="date" id="absenceDate" name="absenceDate" required> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="reason">Tushuntirish matni (sababini batafsil yozing):</label> <textarea id="reason" name="reason" rows="8" required></textarea> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn">Yuborish</button> </form> </div> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` #### `views/dean_group_attendance.ejs` (Dekan uchun guruh davomati hisoboti) ```ejs <!-- views/dean_group_attendance.ejs --> <%- include('partials/header', { title: title }) %> <div class="report-container"> <h1><%= group.name %> Guruhining davomati hisoboti</h1> <p>Ushbu sahifada <%= group.name %> guruhining talabalari bo'yicha umumiy davomat statistikasi ko'rsatilgan.</p> <% if (studentAttendanceSummary && studentAttendanceSummary.length > 0) { %> <table class="report-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>F.I.SH</th> <th>ID</th> <th>Keldi</th> <th>Kelmadi</th> <th>Kechikdi</th> <th>Foizda (taxminiy)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <% studentAttendanceSummary.forEach((summary, index) => { %> <% const totalClasses = summary.totalPresent + summary.totalAbsent + summary.totalLate; %> <% const attendancePercentage = totalClasses > 0 ? ((summary.totalPresent + summary.totalLate) / totalClasses * 100).toFixed(2) : 0; %> <tr> <td><%= index + 1 %></td> <td><%= summary.student.fullName %></td> <td><%= summary.student.studentIdNum %></td> <td><%= summary.totalPresent %></td> <td><%= summary.totalAbsent %></td> <td><%= summary.totalLate %></td> <td><%= attendancePercentage %>%</td> </tr> <% }) %> </tbody> </table> <% } else { %> <p>Ushbu guruh uchun davomat ma'lumotlari topilmadi.</p> <% } %> </div> <%- include('partials/footer') %> ``` --- ### **6. `public/` papkasidagi fayllar:** #### `public/css/style.css` ```css /* public/css/style.css */ @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap'); :root { --primary-color: #4CAF50; /* Green */ --secondary-color: #2196F3; /* Blue */ --accent-color: #FFC107; /* Amber */ --text-color: #333; --bg-color: #f4f7f6; --white: #fff; --border-color: #ddd; --error-color: #f44336; --success-color: #4CAF50; --warning-color: #ff9800; } * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--text-color); background-color: var(--bg-color); display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; } header { background: var(--primary-color); color: var(--white); padding: 1rem 0; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } nav { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; } .logo a { color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 700; } .nav-links { list-style: none; display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; } .nav-links a, .nav-links span { color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 400; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; border-radius: 5px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; } .nav-links a:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); } .logout-btn { background-color: var(--error-color); padding: 0.5rem 1rem; border-radius: 5px; } main { flex: 1; padding: 2rem 0; } .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; } /* Hero Section */ .hero { text-align: center; padding: 4rem 0; background: var(--white); border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .hero h1 { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; } .hero p { font-size: 1.2rem; color: #666; margin-bottom: 2rem; } .btn { display: inline-block; background-color: var(--primary-color); color: var(--white); padding: 0.8rem 1.8rem; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: none; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1rem; } .btn:hover { background-color: #45a049; } .btn-small { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; font-size: 0.8rem; } /* Auth Container */ .auth-container { max-width: 400px; margin: 2rem auto; background: var(--white); padding: 2.5rem; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); text-align: center; } .auth-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: 2rem; } .auth-form .form-group { margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: left; } .auth-form label { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-color); } .auth-form input[type="text"], .auth-form input[type="password"], .auth-form input[type="date"], .auth-form textarea, .auth-form select { width: 100%; padding: 0.8rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 5px; font-size: 1rem; transition: border-color 0.3s ease; } .auth-form input[type="text"]:focus, .auth-form input[type="password"]:focus, .auth-form input[type="date"]:focus, .auth-form textarea:focus, .auth-form select:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--secondary-color); } .error-message { color: var(--error-color); background-color: #ffe0e0; padding: 0.8rem; border-radius: 5px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-weight: 500; } /* Dashboard */ .dashboard-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 2rem auto; padding: 1.5rem; background: var(--white); border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .dashboard-container h1 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-align: center; } .dashboard-section { margin-bottom: 2rem; padding: 1.5rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f9fbfb; } .dashboard-section h2 { color: var(--secondary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color); padding-bottom: 0.5rem; } table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 1rem; } table th, table td { border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: 0.8rem 1rem; text-align: left; } table th { background-color: #eef1f0; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-color); } table tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #fcfdfe; } .status-present { color: var(--success-color); font-weight: 700; } .status-absent { color: var(--error-color); font-weight: 700; } .status-late { color: var(--warning-color); font-weight: 700; } .status-pending { color: var(--accent-color); font-weight: 700; } .status-approved { color: var(--success-color); font-weight: 700; } .status-rejected { color: var(--error-color); font-weight: 700; } .course-list, .group-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; } .course-list li, .group-list li { background-color: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: 1rem 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; border-radius: 5px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; } .course-list li span, .group-list li a { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-color); } .group-list li a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--secondary-color); } .group-list li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* Attendance page */ .attendance-container { max-width: 900px; margin: 2rem auto; background: var(--white); padding: 2.5rem; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .attendance-container h1 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; } .attendance-container p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; color: #555; } .attendance-table select, .attendance-table input[type="number"], .attendance-table input[type="text"] { width: 100%; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 3px; } .attendance-table input[type="number"][disabled] { background-color: #f0f0f0; cursor: not-allowed; } .submit-btn { margin-top: 1.5rem; width: 100%; padding: 1rem; font-size: 1.1rem; } /* Explanation Letter Form */ .form-container { max-width: 600px; margin: 2rem auto; background: var(--white); padding: 2.5rem; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .form-container h1 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; text-align: center; } .form-container .form-group { margin-bottom: 1rem; } .form-container label { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-color); } .form-container input[type="date"], .form-container textarea { width: 100%; padding: 0.8rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 5px; font-size: 1rem; transition: border-color 0.3s ease; } .form-container textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 120px; } /* Dean Actions */ .inline-form { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.5rem; } .btn-approve { background-color: var(--success-color); } .btn-approve:hover { background-color: #45a049; } .btn-reject { background-color: var(--error-color); } .btn-reject:hover { background-color: #d32f2f; } .inline-form input[type="text"] { padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 3px; margin-right: 0.5rem; } /* Footer */ footer { margin-top: auto; /* Push footer to the bottom */ background: #333; color: var(--white); text-align: center; padding: 1.5rem 0; font-size: 0.9rem; } ``` #### `public/js/main.js` (Hozircha bo'sh, lekin kelajakda interaktivlik uchun ishlatiladi) ```javascript // public/js/main.js console.log("Akademik Monitoring Tizimi ishga tushdi!"); // Bu yerga kelajakda jQuery yoki boshqa frontend JS kodlari qo'shilishi mumkin. ``` --- ### **Loyihani ishga tushirish qadamlari:** 1. **MongoDB serverini ishga tushiring.** Agar u mahalliy kompyuteringizda bo'lsa. 2. `academic-monitoring-system` papkasiga o'ting. 3. `npm install` buyrug'ini ishga tushiring. 4. `package.json` faylida `scripts` qismiga `start` buyrug'ini qo'shing: ```json "scripts": { "start": "node app.js", "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" }, ``` 5. `npm start` buyrug'ini ishga tushiring. ### **Test ma'lumotlarini kiritish (MongoDB Shell orqali):** Server ishga tushgandan so'ng, siz MongoDB kolleksiyalariga foydalanuvchilarni qo'shishingiz kerak bo'ladi. ```javascript // MongoDB Shell orqali use amt_db // Admin user db.users.insertOne({ username: 'admin', password: 'password', role: 'admin' }) // Dekan user db.users.insertOne({ username: 'dean', password: 'password', role: 'dean' }) // Guruh yaratish db.groups.insertOne({ name: 'KIF-23-01' }) // Guruh ID-sini oling, masalan: ObjectId("65c1a7b3c2d4e5f6g7h8i9j0") // Starosta user yaratish // Yuqoridagi Guruh ID-sini ishlatib, yangi user yaratamiz va uni Guruhga biriktiramiz db.users.insertOne({ username: 'starosta_kif2301', password: 'password', role: 'starosta', groupId: ObjectId("65c1a7b3c2d4e5f6g7h8i9j0") // Yuqoridagi Guruh ID-si }) // Starosta user ID-sini oling // Guruhga starostani biriktirish (Guruhni yangilaymiz) db.groups.updateOne( { name: 'KIF-23-01' }, { $set: { starostaId: ObjectId("STAROSTA_USER_ID_BU_YERGA") } } ) // Talabalarni yaratish db.students.insertMany([ { fullName: 'Aliyev Valijon', studentIdNum: 'U1234567', groupId: ObjectId("65c1a7b3c2d4e5f6g7h8i9j0") }, { fullName: 'Salimova Dilnoza', studentIdNum: 'U7654321', groupId: ObjectId("65c1a7b3c2d4e5f6g7h8i9j0") } ]) // Talabalarning ID-larini oling // Talaba userlarini yaratish db.users.insertMany([ { username: 'aliyev.v', password: 'password', role: 'student', studentId: ObjectId("ALIYEV_STUDENT_ID_BU_YERGA") }, { username: 'salimova.d', password: 'password', role: 'student', studentId: ObjectId("SALIMOVA_STUDENT_ID_BU_YERGA") } ]) // O'qituvchi user yaratish db.users.insertOne({ username: 'teacher_math', password: 'password', role: 'teacher' }) // O'qituvchi user ID-sini oling // Kurs yaratish db.courses.insertOne({ name: 'Matematik analiz', teacherId: ObjectId("TEACHER_MATH_USER_ID_BU_YERGA"), groupId: ObjectId("65c1a7b3c2d4e5f6g7h8i9j0"), startTime: '09:00', endTime: '10:20', dayOfWeek: 1 // Dushanba }) // Kurs ID-sini oling ``` Yuqoridagi kod yordamida siz loyihaning asosiy funksiyalarini ko'rsatuvchi ishchi prototipga ega bo'lasiz. Har bir rolni sinab ko'rish uchun turli foydalanuvchilar bilan tizimga kirishingiz mumkin. Yana bir bor ta'kidlayman, bu faqat boshlang'ich versiya bo'lib, to'liq funksional va xavfsiz tizimni yaratish uchun ko'proq ish talab qilinadi. Omad tilayman!

User modeli, har qanday tizimning markaziy qismlaridan biri bo'lib, loyihaning murakkabligiga va xavfsizlik talablariga qarab turli xil maydonlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Sizning "Akademik Monitoring Tizimi" (AMT) loyihangiz uchun asosiy ehtiyojlarni qondiradigan va kelajakda kengaytirish imkonini beradigan to'liqroq User modelini quyida batafsil tushuntirib beraman. ### **User modeli (`models/User.js`) uchun tavsiya etilgan fieldlar:** ```javascript const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs'); // Parollarni hash-lash uchun const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ // 1. Asosiy Identifikatsiya Ma'lumotlari username: { type: String, required: true, unique: true, trim: true, // Bo'shliqlarni olib tashlash lowercase: true // Foydalanuvchi nomini kichik harflarga o'tkazish }, email: { type: String, required: true, unique: true, trim: true, lowercase: true, // E-mail manzili formati uchun validatsiya (opsional) match: [/^\w+([\.-]?\w+)*@\w+([\.-]?\w+)*(\.\w{2,3})+$/, 'Iltimos, haqiqiy email manzilini kiriting'] }, password: { type: String, required: true, minlength: 6 // Minimal parol uzunligi }, // 2. Foydalanuvchi Rol va Ruxsatnomalari role: { type: String, enum: ['student', 'starosta', 'teacher', 'dean', 'admin'], // Aniqlangan rollar default: 'student', // Standart rol required: true }, // 3. Shaxsiy Ma'lumotlar (F.I.SH va boshqalar) firstName: { type: String, required: true, trim: true }, lastName: { type: String, required: true, trim: true }, middleName: { // Otasining ismi (opsional) type: String, trim: true }, fullName: { // To'liq ism (virtual maydon orqali ham hosil qilish mumkin) type: String, trim: true }, // 4. Aloqa Ma'lumotlari phoneNumber: { type: String, trim: true, // Telefon raqami formati uchun validatsiya (opsional) match: [/^\+?\d{9,15}$/, 'Noto\'g\'ri telefon raqami formati'] }, profilePicture: { // Profil rasmi uchun URL yoki fayl nomi type: String }, // 5. Holat va Boshqaruv Ma'lumotlari isActive: { // Akkaunt faolmi type: Boolean, default: true }, isVerified: { // E-mail manzili tasdiqlanganmi type: Boolean, default: false }, lastLogin: { // Oxirgi kirish vaqti type: Date }, createdAt: { // Akkaunt yaratilgan sana type: Date, default: Date.now }, updatedAt: { // So'nggi yangilangan sana type: Date, default: Date.now }, // 6. Boshqa Modellar bilan Aloqa (Rollar bo'yicha) // Bu maydonlar faqat tegishli rollarga ega foydalanuvchilar uchun to'ldiriladi. // 'sparse: true' faqat qiymat mavjud bo'lsa indeks yaratilishini ta'minlaydi. studentId: { // Agar rol 'student' bo'lsa, Student modeliga havola type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Student', unique: true, sparse: true }, groupId: { // Agar rol 'starosta' bo'lsa, Guruh modeliga havola type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Group', sparse: true }, // Teacher va Dean uchun maxsus maydonlar qo'shilishi mumkin, agar kerak bo'lsa // teacherCourses: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Course' }] // deanDepartments: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Department' }] }); // Parollarni saqlashdan oldin hash-lash (Pre-save hook) UserSchema.pre('save', async function(next) { if (!this.isModified('password')) { // Parol o'zgarmagan bo'lsa, keyingi bosqichga o'tish return next(); } const salt = await bcrypt.genSalt(10); // Salt generatsiya qilish this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, salt); // Parolni hash-lash next(); }); // Parolni solishtirish uchun metod (Instance method) UserSchema.methods.matchPassword = async function(enteredPassword) { return await bcrypt.compare(enteredPassword, this.password); }; // fullName virtual maydonini yaratish UserSchema.virtual('fullNameVirtual').get(function() { return `${this.lastName} ${this.firstName} ${this.middleName || ''}`.trim(); }); module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema); ``` ### **Har bir maydonning batafsil tushuntirishi:** #### **1. Asosiy Identifikatsiya Ma'lumotlari:** * **`username` (String, required, unique, trim, lowercase):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining tizimga kirish uchun ishlatadigan noyob identifikatori. * **Nima uchun:** Har bir foydalanuvchi uchun yagona bo'lishi kerak. `trim` bo'shliqlarni avtomatik olib tashlaydi, `lowercase` esa katta/kichik harflar bilan bog'liq muammolarni oldini oladi (masalan, "Admin" va "admin" bitta foydalanuvchi hisoblanadi). * **`email` (String, required, unique, trim, lowercase, match):** * **Maqsad:** Aloqa uchun, parol tiklash va xabarnomalar yuborish uchun. * **Nima uchun:** Noyob bo'lishi kerak. `match` validatsiyasi elektron pochta manzilining to'g'ri formatda ekanligini tekshiradi. Parol tiklash uchun juda muhim. * **`password` (String, required, minlength):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining akkauntini himoya qilish. * **Nima uchun:** **Juda muhim:** Parollar ochiq holda saqlanmasligi kerak! Foydalanuvchi parol kiritganda, u `bcrypt` kabi kutubxonalar yordamida *hash-lanishi* va keyin ma'lumotlar bazasiga saqlanishi kerak. `minlength` paroldan ma'lum bir minimal murakkablikni talab qiladi. #### **2. Foydalanuvchi Rol va Ruxsatnomalari:** * **`role` (String, enum, default, required):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining tizimdagi huquq va imkoniyatlarini aniqlaydi. * **Nima uchun:** Sizning tizimingizda aniq rollar mavjud: `student`, `starosta`, `teacher`, `dean`, `admin`. `enum` faqat shu qiymatlardan birini qabul qilishini ta'minlaydi. Bu har bir foydalanuvchi uchun turli sahifalarga kirish va turli amallarni bajarishni cheklashda muhim. #### **3. Shaxsiy Ma'lumotlar:** * **`firstName` (String, required, trim):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining ismi. * **Nima uchun:** Shaxslarni aniqlash va ularga murojaat qilish uchun. * **`lastName` (String, required, trim):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining familiyasi. * **Nima uchun:** Shaxslarni aniqlash uchun. * **`middleName` (String, trim, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining otasining ismi (Sharqiylik madaniyatida ko'p ishlatiladi). * **Nima uchun:** To'liq identifikatsiya qilish uchun foydali. * **`fullName` (Virtual maydon):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining to'liq ism-sharifini (Familiya, Ism, Sharif) osonlikcha olish. * **Nima uchun:** Ma'lumotlar bazasida saqlash shart emas, chunki u `firstName`, `lastName` va `middleName`dan kelib chiqadi. Bu kodni tozalaydi va ma'lumotlar bazasini ortiqcha yuklamaydi. #### **4. Aloqa Ma'lumotlari:** * **`phoneNumber` (String, trim, match, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchi bilan telefon orqali aloqa qilish. * **Nima uchun:** SMS-xabarnomalar yuborish yoki shoshilinch aloqa uchun. `match` raqam formatini tekshiradi. * **`profilePicture` (String, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining profil rasmi URL manzili yoki fayl nomi. * **Nima uchun:** UI da foydalanuvchini vizual identifikatsiya qilish uchun. #### **5. Holat va Boshqaruv Ma'lumotlari:** * **`isActive` (Boolean, default):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchi akkaunti faolmi yoki yo'qmi. * **Nima uchun:** Agar foydalanuvchi vaqtincha yoki butunlay tizimdan chetlatilsa, uning akkauntini o'chirib tashlamasdan faolsizlantirish uchun. * **`isVerified` (Boolean, default):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining elektron pochta manzili tasdiqlanganmi. * **Nima uchun:** Xavfsizlikni oshiradi, spamni kamaytiradi. * **`lastLogin` (Date, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchining oxirgi marta tizimga kirgan sanasi. * **Nima uchun:** Akkaunt faolligini kuzatish va xavfsizlik (agar uzoq vaqt kirilmagan bo'lsa ogohlantirish). * **`createdAt` (Date, default):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchi akkaunti qachon yaratilganligi. * **Nima uchun:** Ma'lumotlarni tartiblash va hisobotlar uchun. * **`updatedAt` (Date, default):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchi ma'lumotlari qachon oxirgi marta yangilanganligi. * **Nima uchun:** Ma'lumotlarning dolzarbligini kuzatish. #### **6. Boshqa Modellar bilan Aloqa (Rollar bo'yicha):** * **`studentId` (ObjectId, ref: 'Student', unique, sparse, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Agar foydalanuvchining roli `student` bo'lsa, u `Student` modelidagi tegishli talaba yozuviga havola qilinadi. * **Nima uchun:** Foydalanuvchi akkaunti va talaba ma'lumotlari o'rtasidagi 1:1 aloqani o'rnatish uchun. `unique` va `sparse` talaba IDsi faqat bir marta ishlatilishini ta'minlaydi. * **`groupId` (ObjectId, ref: 'Group', sparse, opsional):** * **Maqsad:** Agar foydalanuvchining roli `starosta` bo'lsa, u qaysi guruhga starosta ekanligini ko'rsatadi. * **Nima uchun:** Starostaning o'z guruhiga kirishini osonlashtirish uchun. Bitta starosta bir nechta guruhga bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa, bu massiv (array) bo'lishi mumkin. Hozirgi ssenariyda, bitta starosta bir guruhga deb qabul qilingan. ### **Mongoose Schema Hook va Methodlari:** * **`UserSchema.pre('save', ...)` (Pre-save hook):** * **Maqsad:** Har safar `User` obyekti saqlanishidan oldin avtomatik tarzda parolni hash-lash. * **Nima uchun:** Xavfsizlik uchun muhim. Parollar ochiq matn (plain text) holida ma'lumotlar bazasida saqlanmasligi kerak. * **`UserSchema.methods.matchPassword = async function(...)` (Instance method):** * **Maqsad:** Foydalanuvchi kiritgan parolni ma'lumotlar bazasida saqlangan hash-langan parol bilan solishtirish. * **Nima uchun:** Kirish (login) jarayonida parolni tekshirish uchun qulay usul. * **`UserSchema.virtual('fullNameVirtual').get(...)` (Virtual maydon):** * **Maqsad:** `lastName`, `firstName`, `middleName` maydonlaridan foydalanib, foydalanuvchining to'liq ismini dinamik ravishda hosil qilish. * **Nima uchun:** Ma'lumotlar bazasini takroriy ma'lumotlardan xalos qilish va kodni tozalash. ### **Xulosa:** Ushbu `User` modeli sizning AMT loyihangiz uchun yetarli darajada funksional va xavfsizlikni hisobga olgan holda tuzilgan. Yangi xavfsizlik choralarini (masalan, ikki faktorli autentifikatsiya, parol tiklash mexanizmlari) qo'shish yoki rollar bo'yicha yanada murakkab ruxsatnomalar tizimini yaratish uchun modelni kelajakda kengaytirish imkoniyatini beradi. Har doim loyiha talablari o'zgarganda yoki yangi funksiyalar qo'shganda, modellarni mos ravishda yangilashni unutmang.